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英语口语听力精选·吉米老师说
英语·航天
1964年的今天，中国第一颗原子弹爆炸成功，震惊世界。神州十三号的圆满发射让太空再添一抹中国红。57载奋斗不止，中国航天牛！
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相信大家都和小编一样激动，祖国日益强大，每个中华儿女都倍感光荣。今天就分享一些航空航天相关英文给大家，赶快学习一下！
媒体报道
CGTN报道：
Chinese astronauts, or taikonauts, Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu will head to the core module of China's space station at 00:23 a.m. Beijing Time on October 16 (4:23 p.m. GMT on October 15), China Manned Space Agency (CMSA) announced on Thursday.
The mission, called Shenzhou-13, is the second of the four manned missions for the construction of China's space station, Tiangong. The trio will stay in space for six months.
上下滑动查看AP News报道全文：
China set to send 3 astronauts on longest crewed mission yet
AP News
China is preparing to send three astronauts to live on its space station for six months — a new milestone for a program that has advanced rapidly in recent years.
It will be China’s longest crewed space mission and set a record for the most time spent in space by Chinese astronauts. The Shenzhou-13 spaceship is expected to be launched into space on a Long March-2F rocket early Saturday morning from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on the edge of the Gobi Desert in northwestern China.
The first crew who served a 90-day mission aboard the main Tianhe core module of the space station returned in mid-September.
The new crew has two veterans of space travel. Pilot Zhai Zhigang, 55, performed China’s first spacewalk. Wang Yaping, 41, and the only woman on the mission, carried out experiments and led a science class in real-time while traveling on one of China’s earlier experimental space stations. Ye Guangfu, 41, will be traveling into space for the first time.
The mission is expected to continue the work of the initial crew, who conducted two spacewalks, and deployed a 10-meter (33-foot) mechanical arm.
China Manned Space Agency Deputy Director Lin Xiqiang said the rocket was fueled and ready to fly. “All systems conducting the Shenzhou-13 mission have undergone a comprehensive rehearsal. The flight crew is in good condition and our pre-launch preparations are in order,” Lin said at a Thursday briefing.
The crew’s scheduled activities include up to three spacewalks to install equipment in preparation for expanding the station, verifying living conditions in the module and conducting experiments in space medicine and other areas, Lin said.
China has released few details but says it will send multiple crews to the station over the next two years to make it fully functional. Shenzhou-13 will be the fifth mission, including trips without crews to deliver supplies.
When completed with the addition of two more modules — named Mengtian and Wentian — the station will weigh about 66 tons, a fraction of the size of the International Space Station, which launched its first module in 1998 and will weigh around 450 tons when completed. Lin said the two additional modules would be sent before the end of next year during the stay of the yet-to-be-named Shenzhou-14 crew.
China made plans to build its own space stations in the early 1990s and had two experimental modules before starting on the permanent station.
U.S. law requires congressional approval for contact between the American and Chinese space programs, but China is cooperating with space experts from countries including France, Sweden, Russia and Italy.
Lin said China was expanding such cooperation, with Ye Guangfu having undergone training with the European Space Agency in 2016, and European astronauts participating in China’s sea survival training in 2017.
“We welcome astronauts from other countries entering our space station and conducting international cooperation,” Lin said. “We believe that after the station enters the operation and utilization phase, more foreign astronauts will visit our station.”
China has launched seven crewed missions with a total of 14 astronauts aboard since 2003, when it became only the third country after the former Soviet Union and the United States to put a person in space on its own. Two Chinese astronauts have flown twice.
Along with its crewed missions, China has expanded its work on lunar and Mars exploration, including placing a rover on the little-explored far side of the Moon and returning lunar rocks to Earth for the first time since the 1970s.
China this year also landed its Tianwen-1 space probe on Mars, whose accompanying Zhurong rover has been exploring for evidence of life on the red planet.
外媒报道语录
欧洲航天局在推特上第一时间转发神舟十三号载人飞船发射升空的视频报道，发文向神舟十三号的发射团队表示祝贺的同时，还表示三名中国航天员随后将进入天和核心舱。
CNN：中国历史性的载人航天任务抵达新空间站
CNN：中国历史性的载人航天任务抵达新空间站
——美联社
——日本共同社报道
——《卫报》报道
中国载人航天工程英文宣传片
未来的中国空间站真是太美了！
神州13号载人航天飞船
Shenzhou-13 Manned Spaceship
载人航天
manned space flight
载人航天计划
manned space program
载人飞船
manned spaceship/ spacecraft
航天飞机
space shuttle
宇航员
astronaut
中国空间技术研究院（CAST）
The Chinese Academy of Space Technology
中国航天局 (CNSA)
China National Space Administration
taikonaut
这个词是不是熟悉又陌生
我们在背单词的时候，
都把航天员翻译作astronaut，
但中国创了一个新词
把“中国的航天员”叫作 taikonaut /taikɔnɔ:t/
其实在1961年，
苏联人加加林成为第一个进入太空的宇航员时，
就率先将宇航员的英文名称定为了
“cosmonaut”
cosmos源自希腊语的“宇宙”
“naut”源于希腊语的“水手”，
合起来意为“在宇宙旅行的水手”
直到今天这个词依然特指俄国宇航员
而到了美国，
又出现了astronaut
astro也源于希腊语“Αστρια”，
有星星的意思
到了现在
作为仅有的三个独立载人航天国家，
美国或其他国家的航天员名称是“astronaut”，
俄罗斯航天员被称为“cosmonaut”
我们中国航天员就叫作 taikonaut ”
是由中文“太空”的拼音转变而来的
目前该词也被牛津词典收录，
意思为Chinese astronaut(中国航天员)。
卫星发射
发射卫星
launch a satellite
发射台
launch pad
扶梯
ladder
着陆区
landing area
着陆架
landing pad
主着陆场
main landing field
=primary landing site
卫星
人造卫星
artificial satellite
返回式卫星
recoverable satellite
通信卫星
communication satellite
太阳同步轨道卫星
satellite in Sun-synchronous orbit
遥感卫星
remote sensing satellite
气象卫星
weather satellite
=meteorological satellite
火箭
多级火箭
multistage rocket
运载火箭
carrier rocket; rocket launcher
长征二号F运载火箭
Long March II F carrier rocket
航天飞船构造
太空舱
capsule
轨道舱
orbital module
返回舱
re-entry module
推进舱
propelling module
指令舱
command module
服务舱
service module
登月舱
lunar module
发射台
launch pad
轨道
近地轨道
low Earth orbit
调整轨道
fine-tune orbit
绕地球飞行
orbit the earth
外太空
国际空间站
International Space Station
太阳能电池板
solar panel
月球车
lunar rover
外太空
outer space; deep space
银河系
Milky Way
太空服
space outfits(space suits）
太空食物
space food
“神十三”三位航天员
外文报道中的三位航天员
1. 翟志刚 Zhai Zhigang
🚀是神舟十三号载人飞行任务指令长
Commanderof the Shenzhou-13 spaceflight mission
🚀入选我国首批航天员
Zhai was admitted tothe first batch of taikonauts
🚀他在神舟七号载人飞行任务中上执行了第一次太空任务
he undertook his first space mission onboardShenzhou VII
🚀神舟十二号飞行任务中，在宇航员刘伯明的帮助下，他完成了20分钟太空行走，具有里程碑意义
He performed a landmark 20-minute spacewalkwith the help of Liu Boming, who later became one of the Shenzhou-12 crew.
🚀翟志刚成功完成了中国人第一次太空行走，标志着中国成为继美苏后第三个独立掌握空间出舱技术的国家。
· Zhai is the first Chinese toconduct a spacewalk, making China the third country in the world to master the technology for extravehicular activities.
· Zhai, who became the first Chinese citizen to carry out a spacewalkduring the Shenzhou 7 mission in 2008
2. 王亚平 Wang Yaping
🚀首位进驻中国空间站的中国女航天员
· China’s first female taikonautto visit China’s space station
· the first female Chinese astronaut to visitChina's space station
· She will become the country's first female taikonaut to work inChina's space station
· the first woman to visit the orbiting outpost
【outpost 前哨（基地）；偏远村镇】
🚀也是首位出舱/实施出舱活动的女航天员
and also the first female taikonaut to conduct extravehicular activities
🚀她之前在太空舱内通过直播进行了太空授课
· In June 2013, Wang and two other crewmates, Nie Haisheng and Zhang Xiaoguang, were sent to space aboard Shenzhou-10. She gave a lecture about space during the mission through live broadcast, a first for China, reaching and inspiring millions of school children across China.
· Wang was a member of the Shenzhou 10 mission in 2013 and delivered an educational lecture from space.
· (Wang) carried out experiments and led a science class in real-timewhile traveling on one of China’s earlier experimental space stations.
🚀她是第二位进入太空的中国女航天员
She is the second Chinese woman to have flow to space.
🚀被问及这次是否会进行太空授课，王亚平说这也是神舟十三的任务之一
Asked if Wang Yaping would once again deliver a live lecture from orbit to students back in China, Lin confirmed that such public outreach activitieswould be a part of the Shenzhou 13 mission.
【outreach】外展服务，英文解释为：the activity of an organization that provides a service or advice to people in the community, especially those who cannot or are unlikely to come to an office, a hospital, etc. for help
3. 叶光富 Ye Guangfu
🚀执行首次航天飞行任务
· Ye will conduct his first spaceflight
· This will be his maiden flight in space.
· Ye Guangfu, 41, will be traveling into space for the first time.
🚀他会说一口流利的英语，未来将作为我们接待外国宇航员的关键人物
Ye speaks fluent English and is regarded as one of the key taikonauts to host foreign counterparts when China's space station becomes fully operational.
航天员简历
翟志刚简历
翟志刚，男，汉族，籍贯黑龙江龙江，中共党员，硕士学位。
1966 年 10 月出生，1985 年 6 月入伍，1991 年 9 月入党，现为中国人民解放军航天员大队特级航天员，专业技术少将军衔。曾任空军某中心飞行教员，安全飞行 950 小时，被评为空军一级飞行员。1998 年 1 月，入选我国首批航天员。2003 年 9 月，入选神舟五号飞行任务备份航天员。2005 年 6 月，入选神舟六号飞行任务备份乘组。2008 年 9 月，执行神舟七号飞行任务并担任指令长，同年 11 月，被中共中央、国务院、中央军委授予 “航天英雄” 荣誉称号，并获 “航天功勋奖章”。2013年1月，入选神舟十号飞行任务备份航天员。2019年12月，入选神舟十三号飞行任务乘组并担任指令长。
Major General Zhai Zhigang, 55, a native of Heilongjiang province, joined the People's Liberation Army Air Force in June 1985. He is a veteran astronaut of the PLA Astronaut Division and was an experienced fighter pilot before being selected in January 1998 as one of the nation's first astronauts.
Zhai was one of two alternates for Yang Liwei, who conducted China's first manned spaceflight in October 2003 on the Shenzhou V mission, and was part of the backup crew for the Shenzhou VI mission in October 2005.
In September 2008, he undertook his first space mission onboard Shenzhou VII. He was accompanied by Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng. During the mission, Zhai and Liu conducted China's first spacewalk.
Zhai was selected for Shenzhou XIII in December 2019.
王亚平简历
王亚平，女，汉族，籍贯山东烟台，中共党员，硕士学位。
1980 年 1 月出生，1997 年 8 月入伍，2000 年 5 月入党，现为中国人民解放军航天员大队一级航天员，大校军衔。曾任空军航空兵某师某团副大队长，安全飞行 1567 小时，被评为空军二级飞行员。2010 年 5 月，入选我国第二批航天员。2012 年 3 月，入选神舟九号飞行任务备份航天员。2013 年 6 月，执行神舟十号飞行任务，同年 7 月，被中共中央、国务院、中央军委授予 “英雄航天员” 荣誉称号，并获 “三级航天功勋奖章”。2019 年 12 月，入选神舟十三号飞行任务乘组。
Senior Colonel Wang Yaping, 41, a native of Shandong province, joined the PLA Air Force in August 1997 and served as deputy squadron commander before joining the second group of the PLA Astronaut Division in May 2010.
In March 2012, she was part of the backup crew for the Shenzhou IX mission and in June 2013, she took part in the Shenzhou X mission, which lasted nearly 15 days. She is the second Chinese woman to have flow to space.
During the mission, Wang gave China's first space-based lecture inside the Tiangong I experimental module to Chinese students.
Wang was selected for Shenzhou XIII in December 2019.
叶光富简历
叶光富，男，汉族，籍贯四川成都，中共党员，硕士学位。
1980 年 9 月出生，1998 年 8 月入伍，2002 年 5 月入党，现为中国人民解放军航天员大队二级航天员，大校军衔。曾任空军航空兵某师某团司令部作战训练股空战射击主任，安全飞行 1100 小时，被评为空军一级飞行员。2010 年 5 月，入选我国第二批航天员。2019 年 12 月，入选神舟十三号飞行任务乘组。
Senior Colonel Ye Guangfu, 41, a native of Sichuan province, joined the PLA Air Force in August 1998 and was a senior aviator in a fighter jet regiment.
Ye became a member of China's second group of astronauts in May 2010. He took part in a survival training session in Italy in July 2016 organized by the European Space Agency and was part of the backup crew for Shenzhou XII.
He was selected for Shenzhou XIII in December 2019.
太空生活
10 月 7 日，在酒泉卫星发射中心，神舟十三号载人飞船与长征二号 F 遥十三运载火箭组合体，已转运至发射区，计划近期择机实施发射。
The rocket carrying China's Shenzhou XIII spacecraft was transferred to the launchpad in Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on Thursday, as preparation gathered pace for the country's next manned mission to continue assembling a new space station.
The Long March-2F Y13 rocket is undergoing tests before the launch. All systems in the launch center are normal as of now, said the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA).
这次任务将是空间站阶段的第二次载人飞行，将有三名航天员搭乘神舟十三号载人飞船前往空间站，展开为期 6 个月的太空生活。
The Shenzhou XIII will carry three Chinese astronauts, ortaikonauts, to the space station and stay there for half a year before returning.
taikonaut: 指中国宇航员
神舟十三号升空前，供三名航天员使用的物资已经由 “天舟三号” 送上了空间站。
天舟三号货运飞船总师助理方方说：“会征求航天员的意见，根据他们的喜好（来准备食物）。我们国家的载人航天从来是以人为本，航天员不仅要在天上工作好，也要生活好。我们对食品的要求是具有两年有效期，所以六个月是没有问题的。”
为神舟十三号乘组的女航天员准备了哪些特殊物资？方方透露：“有针对女性的服装类，还有卫生用品，包括化妆品，都是给女航天员特地准备的。”
航天员王亚平是首位进驻中国空间站的中国女航天员，
也将会成为中国首位实施出舱活动的女航天员
让我们来看看
环球时报是怎么介绍的
Wang Yaping will fly the mission as the first female astronaut to enter China's space station. The 41-year-old taikonaut was selected to the crew of the Shenzhou-10 space mission in April 2013, delivering China's first televised science lecture in orbit to an audience of more than 60 million schoolchildren and teachers while onboard the Tiangong-1 space lab module. She was also given the honorary title of "Hero Astronaut."
王亚平将作为首位进入中国空间站的女航天员执行此次任务。这位41岁的航天员于2013年4月被选为神舟十号航天任务的航天员，在天宫一号空间实验室中，为全国6000余万名师生进行了一堂太空授课。她还被授予了”英雄航天员“的荣誉称号。
Wang will not only be the first woman taikonaut to fly into space during the space station building period but also the first woman to ever carry out an extravehicular activity in the country's space history.
王亚平不仅是空间站建设期间首位进入太空的女航天员，也将会是中国太空历史上首位进行舱外活动的女性。
天问一号 Tianwen-1
嫦娥五号 Chang'e 5 probe
祝融号 Zhurong
黑洞 black hole
黑洞：黑洞是现代广义相对论中，宇宙空间内存在的一种天体。黑洞的引力很大，使得视界内的逃逸速度大于光速。“黑洞是时空曲率大到光都无法从其事件视界逃脱的天体”。1916年，德国天文学家卡尔?史瓦西通过计算得到了爱因斯坦引力场方程的一个真空解，这个解表明，如果将大量物质集中于空间一点，其周围会产生奇异的现象，即在质点周围存在一个界面--“视界”（黑洞的边界称为视界）一旦进入这个界面，即使光也无法逃脱。这种“不可思议的天体”被美国物理学家约翰·阿奇博尔德 惠勒命名为“黑洞”。
行星探测任务 planetary exploration mission
载人航天 manned space mission
载人航天器 manned spacecraft
载人航天飞行 manned spaceflight
探月工程 lunar exploration program
探月任务 lunar probe mission
无人飞船 unmanned spaceship
中国空间站 Chinese Space Station
载人空间站 manned space station
国际空间站 International Space Station
长征五号B运载火箭 Long March-5B carrier rocket
中继卫星 relay satellite
遥感卫星 remote-sensing satellite
通信卫星 communication satellite
同步卫星 geostationary satellite
脉冲星导航卫星 pulsar navigation satellite
卫星导航系统 satellite navigation system
北斗卫星导航系统 the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System
运载火箭 carrier rocket
助推火箭 booster rocket
重型运载火箭 heavy-lift carrier rocket
可重复使用运载火箭 reusable carrier rocket
反舰导弹 anti-ship missiles
防空导弹 anti-aircraft missiles
运输机 transport planes
喷气式战斗机 fighter jets
水陆两栖飞机 amphibious aircraft
无人机 unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)
歼击机 fighter jet
高空高速无人侦察机 high-altitude high-speed reconnaissance drone
民航机场 civilian airports
红眼航班 red-eye flight
太空葬礼 funeral flight
国际民用航空组织 International Civil Aviation Organization （ICAO）
国家航天局 China National Space Administration
美国国家航空航天局 National Aeronautics and Space Administration
“两弹一星”勋章 Two Bombs, One Satellite Achievement Medal
一箭双星 twin satellites carried by one rocket
世界航天奖 the World Space Award
北京大兴国际机场 Beijing Daxing International Airport
载人航天工程“三步走”发展战略 three-step manned space program
火星 Red Planet
火星探测器 Mars probe
火星探测任务 Mars exploration mission
天问一号着陆火星 Tianwen 1 probe lands on Mars
空间对接 space docking
近地轨道 low-Earth orbit
同步轨道 synchronous orbit
在轨测试 in-orbit test
公转周期 period of revolution
自转周期 rotation period
月球背面 the far side of the moon
月球样品 lunar samples
探月精神 lunar exploration spirit
预选着陆区 the preselected landing area
测月雷达 a radar to probe beneath the lunar surface
天体 celestial body
万有引力 gravitational pull
时空涟漪 ripples in the space-time
反物质 antimatter
量子力学 quantum mechanics
太阳辐射 solar radiation
射电望远镜 radio telescope
事件视界望远镜 Event Horizon Telescope（EHT)
500米口径球面射电望远镜 The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST)
太空行走 spacewalk
太空旅行 space journeys
太空探索 space exploration
太空探险 space adventures
我们的征途是星辰大海！
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