-衣食住行的英文行翻译行英语怎么说
主编 罗立胜
全文翻译1—8单元 南京理工大学 机械工程学院 测试12级研究生整理us,
his ability and dedkation bave always been a source of pride 10 us. His absence from our
departmenl will
be
a great 105S.
However. il wiU
be
a great gain for the Biology
Oepartrnenl81
Columbia Universjty.
Mr. Williams. we will miss you very much. and we all wish you Ihe very besl of luck in
your句. you once again for wbat you bave done here for us. Thank you
....Task3‘
请为你校的校段写一篇新年晚会致辞。发言稿包括以下内容:1)对于所有的来宾表示新年的祝桶;2)回顾过去的一年，学校在科研、教学等方面所取得的成绩;3)这些成绩与学校全体教师的努力是分不开的，特别要感谢外国朋友，他们给予了学校很多的帮助:4)预祝在新的一年里工作顺利、身体健康。干杯!Suggesled Words and Phrases
Happy New Year
joint efforts
win awards
good health
celebrate the arrivaJ
of the new year
achievements in both research and teaching
colleague
success
express thanks to
propose a toast
Sample
Wri伽gLadies and genllemen,
Happy New Year 10 everybody!
1 am very happy 10
see挝1of you here to celebrate tbe arrival of the new year. 1n particular.
lam deligh[ed [0 have 50 many foreign professors. leachers
and位íendswilh us lhjs evening.
Last year,
wjth the joint efforts of all the faculty rnembers. we made some impressive
achievements in botb researcb and teaching. Some of our research and leaching progmms have
won awards al the national and provinciaJ levels. We certainly owe tbese acbievements to our
coUeagoes and our foreign friends bere.
l'd
1ike
to
take this
oppo町unily10 express my thanks 10 you for whal yOll have done for our
universil)人Also.I'd like lO wish everyone good health and success in the new year. Now let
m巳propose a toast.
Happy New Year!
t卖手稿中的段落、复述背诵过的一段文章、幻灯片辅助的演说以及即兴发挥或町J}市演说。最后一种方法在课堂讲座经常会用到.大部分课外讲座也会采用这种阳市演说的方式。当你UIJ};节I演说时，你只需提准备一小段简短的提要或者一个演讲:大纲即可。幻灯片辅助演说的方式现在运用件很广泛，~JJ实证明这种方式也非常有效。主与然.还有其他的因素你需要考虑.如个人的外表、肢体语、手势、H先接触.讲话的声洲、停顿等。总之.如果你能够回心上述的方法.相信你的演讲一定会妙语连珠.赢得满堂l喝彩。报告一一全球焦点威廉.‘..金球变l暇匮可能是人类而临的最大戚刷胁协jH
.史斯菲尔德穆斯仰塔苦怯.K'
I阁t组巳博士。该i忧阳是在联合国秘书IX领导下展开工作的。确实，气候变化带来的影响越来越引起人们的关注，现在它已经成为联合国的热点议程之一在1993年召开的联合同大会上，马尔代夫总统穆蒙·阿卡仕勒.1m先姆发表了-篇回肠简气、发人深思的演说，他阐述了悔平面上升带给地势较低|司家的严lf(后果。马耳他在1994Jrp召开的联什国大会之前急切地提交了一份针对全球变暖民题的议案，这个议案最终被联合同大会通过-1994年7月在巴黎召开的联合罔环境保护组织领导人会议l二气候变股是这次会以重点时论的话题。同样.去年6月在多伦多有开的经济峰会上.气候变暖也是这次峰会的一个重要议屈.。全球变股导致海平面上升，这将迅遮戚朋}全球位于海平丽附近的大部分地区。i时界上将近三分之一的人口生活在海岸线36英里以内的区域中。伴随着海平面上升.世界上大多数大型海地城市将会受到影响.如j昕奥尔良、阿姆斯特丹、上海平nfF罗。街些国家，如位于印度洋上的马尔代夫群岛和太平洋上的一些岛屿，将被l二升的海水所淹没。那些人口稠帘的海岸地区一一如在孟加拉和埃及有大量人门居住在海平而较低的地区一一支·仓球变暖的影响.将会出现严重棍乱局面。悔洋变暖还将·导致更)111强劲的龙在风和台风，说水会肆j岳沿海地区.并可能梓设肚界各地的良田。受入挝洪水的影响.沿海地区灌班水利1饮用水含拉度上刑，这将导致周边JJ<质下降.而这些谈水资源是不可替代的生存之本。同时.由于询*淹没了大片天然沼泽地.生活在邢里的稀有f;}J植物物种也将遭到永久性破坏。食物供应和森林也会受到很大的负而影响e降水周期的变化会破坏农业的发展.气?且j二升会改变小麦的生长周期。根暖的天气也会延校和改变病虫需作物的生长周期.比如1影响种U础1a.
of thc passage. Thc (cacber should tell the studenls that there can be more
than one version
of such combination and reorganization.
....1海sk3叮Rearrange the following sentences so that they make a coherent paragraph.
A.
The problem,
though,
runs deeper than these diagnoses suggest; it concerns the public phi-losophy by which we
Iive and the conception of
citizenshlp由atforms our political debates.
B. As another presideotial electioo
season unfolds,
Americans remain frustrated with poütics
aod unhappy with the alternatives the parties have to
offer.
C. Despite their disagreements,
liberals and conservatives share an impoverisbed vision of
citizenship,
leaving them unable to address tbe anxiety and frustration abroad aod in the land.
D. Republicans,
on the other hand,
interpre( the disconten( as unhappiness
wi由thegovernment.
E. Our public life is rife wilh discontent.
F. Arnerican poJitics has lost its civic voice.
G. President Clinton,
who recently spoke of trying to llft Americans from their nationaJ "funk",
attributes the discontent to the insecurity of jobs in the global economy.
H.
Their Solulion is
(0
scale back tbe federal
gove口回len(，to states and locaJities.
r巳duceregula(Îon,
and devolve power
1.
His solution is to equip Arnericans,
through federaJly supported education and
job-tr创ningprograms,
to "cornpete and win" in the global economy.
1)
2)
3)~
4)[
5)D
6)旦7)A
8)E
9)ζ
参夺译文能源转型能游、资掘价稍低廉、使川创始的时代U约过去.口|商店rtJ尽管价棉较肉、但污染较小的资源转变。约翰.p
.霍德雷恩了解这一转变.需拧先考察一下能源和1人类幸桶的现ï:R关系。从积极的意义上说.能惊为人类丰:阳作出f贡献，'仨为经济生产前功提供必要投入的同时，也提供f诸如11又i匠、照明等消费服务然而，人类为利用能源所付出的代价却削弱f能源为Jt带来的利益.这种代价不归包括为伏取有1利用能视所投入的资金和其他资根.而且包含f能源月二发和平IIHI)!斤产牛的环境影响和l非1:合政治影响•• Unlt2
.戴维斯早在公元前40万年.火便已开始在北京猿人照住的洞穴旦使用。人类将火奉为神灵，演纬出许许多多神话战事，火也构成了文明社会赖以建立的各种技术的基本要索。由化石燃料作qJ力的发动机代替了人力和高力.大大加速了工业化社会的崛起。今天的世界.元论是城市、T在人口数f盐量保持较低、能源需求局限f烧芳、非n1&暖的'附况下，能源开发不会使大气层、7Jc闹和岩石罔遭到严重破坏。而当今，由于人口增氏推动了能源消括的增长，能师、利用巳变成了一个潜在的破坏力:局部而17.使用能讲;所排放的废弃物对空气、水和i土壤造成污染;从全球范围来看.使用能师、有可能加剧温室效应。我们丽11伍两稚的局面:能;原技术运用得气，可为实现全人类幸福服务;而如果日前的趋势持续下去.则可能造成环境退化.于是人类生存质址下降，前景未卡。人类对环境的关沌并非始于今日。然而.由于人类本身能力的地长，我们对地球家阳的认识发生了变化。当今人类能够测出的物质的密度越来越低.能够评价这种密度对于人类和地球本身所产生的影响。同时.我们已经认识到:人口增长以及由此产生的能册、需求的增长对地球造成的影响可能足以同地质力盘形成的效应一较长短。考察一下能源的米1原以及人类使用能源的目的，会有助于我们进一步认消这种商求究竟有多大。几乎所有可资利用的饱眼均可追溯到太阳(化石燃料、生物能、风力以及地球所接受的太阳辐射)或者是太阳系形成前所发生的宇宙液化过程(核能)。其余少量的、无足轻重的能跟来向于月球运动(潮沙)和地核(地热)。太阳是j也球上几乎所有能源的源泉。光合作用源自阳元，即将太阳的辆射能挝转化成化学能，从而使各种植物、最终使各种动物的生存成为可能。各种化否燃料的形成同样起源于光合作用。此外，像太阳能、水能和Jxl能等各种nf捕获的能掘，更是直接来自太阳。只要人类能够将每年到达地球的阳光中的一小部分(相当于178∞0兆兆瓦年或目前地球能源年供应址的1.5万俯)利用起来.则人类的全部能源问题即可解决。然而.在到达地球的太阳能量中，30%丘钱，返回了太空，50%为地球所吸收后转化成热能辆射回太空，其余20%成为水圈循环的动力。用于光合作用的太阳辐射只占很小一部分(0.06%)，正是这一小部分辐射，成为了所有生命和化石燃料的源泉。日前的全球能翻使用量中.可再生能源0j(电和生物最)占18%，核能占4%.其余全部由化石燃料提供。只要能源供应系统未遭破坏.人们就不大关心它的来源，但是，，我们大家都关心能源所提供的服务。这种服务从人人所必需的基本需求(烧煮、取I匠、照明等)到构成现代文明的各种特征(机动车、电报、高流动性以及各种工艺过程等)，儿子无所不包。正恬!为离开了稳定的能源供应，世界便元法运转.因此，全球经济的很大一部分便致力于适时适地地提供这些服务。由于全球能源需求膨胀，化石燃料的施的速度是其形成速度的10万倍。我们怎样才能将人类不断增长的能源需求同维持全球生态系统可持续发展的要求相协调?迄今为止.尚无良策。各种环境问题引赳的不确定性，如气候变化以及如何保持经济增长和环城保护之间相对UnH2
.1
you think would be most useful for people who do
the锦mekind of job as you. You should
explain why you feel
it would be the
mo~t
useful and why the
othe陌arenot so suitable.
Suggested words and phrases:
assess
qualification
overseas
suitable
employee
invest
aim to
motivation
handle the work
recommend
enjoy
in conclusion
language training
business partner customer
，带译文交通罚单能救命吗?研究~I~/J之交通罚单能救，Jj机的命李-戴哎.这nT怜的交?FU他是你在1:5连公路七疾驰时的不愿意在后视镜里行见的人。他为什么不去抓邢些杀人犯.去p在这儿为f-JJE儿芝麻大的交边边规对司机们穷且不舍?然而，根据)111节大利]1JI1利捕尼亚科学家们的-røï.ill:N研究.那位警察也ì!1丁恰恰是在救你的命.或者救别的什么人的命。研究者们发现一张交通罚单能ìJ行l机至少在几周内迦j且重大车祸的概书降低35%。但是这个作用不会持续很快。7四个月后.那只脚又会回到ilh门儿上去.进ÎI己或别人于死地的危险旦在又和警察l应者你开出巨额罚单1日i一样高了。根据6月2811友表在《柑1I叶)))1:的研究，最根本的-点就是交通罚单能救命。它很可·能每年能救城下七月条命。然而交.ìl且法规只是零屈地被实施.就像心I(rl来ì~~1似的.部分原|大lJl人们不喜欢钉1,)1 •
1M且除了实施向边公路安全法.政府部门还有很多其他地方要花钱。无情的统计-数据多伦多大学的热德尔美尔和WrJ-Il
f日大学的据说施机Ji2.认为这种态度何要改变。他们俩都MI失学研究轩.这已不是他们到一队:IIT
1-'1:高速公路去仓问题了。他们俩1998年的研究引起了22动，当时他们认为打手机与交通'jÇ攸有关联。现在他们又来r.说交迦罚I)'!对我们的他l挺有好处。他们之所以参与这个项日是受到一些残酷无情的统计数据的驱使。每年.全世界有l∞多万人死于交届~JU血。如果一年内那么多人死于非典的话，大家很可能会恐惧件发疯了，然1M我们对交通事故死lζ~召.却习以为常了。另外.还有12500万人因交通事攸水远残废了，而且他们当中一一包括死去的一一很多是孩子。UnM3
131
)，也没有雪租'盖(17%)。他们还友现Yt;有驾照的IJI~组司机中拿到罚单屑的事故减少率的持续性是显著的'困此间桦的结论活用于妇女和男人，而与年龄时~、以前的驾驶记录和其他个人资料无关。但是，男人要比女人宽容易出严重交通事故(73%比27%)，而且最容易出事故的年龄是在30-50岁之间酒后413年只占4故的7%。研究者们还澄iffr一种怦遍的想法:交通罚单引起的交通事故比防止的多，因为很多人是在警察迫他们时丧生的u他们发现在过去的门年中只有24起死亡事故和罚单有关，这包括17个被迫的司机、5个路人和2位精察。"最典}~1的一例是一个26岁的男子，回想、逃避酒精和超速违规的现场检查而被警察穷追才4717，"他们报告说。有2位悴察死于与这互不相关的事件中，当时他们正在给另一个摩托车到驰员开tijIRO
到底谁付出了代价?研究者们承认在他们的研究中有一些漏洞。统计数字不包括有可能在省外某地「H严重交通事故的安大略省μj机。他们也不能且每张交通-ri}，)'!都能降低事故率。但是数据显后交通罚单的数盐和死亡率之间呈相关性。他们还指出为粗心大意的司机付出代价的经常是那些无辜受害新。..和其他常见病不一样.受害人通常很年轻，aJ要以后儿十年连续不断的照顾。大多数事故居元意的.意料之外的，只要司机在驾驶上稍有不同就能避免。"l对此下次你要是在后视锐里看见那位瞥寐，一定要对他/她热悄微笑。对，就这样。1M
Un"~
Unlt3
In case
of quaüly discrepancy,
claim should be filed by the Buyer within 30 days after
the arrival of the goods at port of destination,
while for quantity discrepancy,
claim
should be
filed by the Buyer within 15 days after the arrival of the goods at port of
destìnatíon.
1 1.
The Seller shall not
be
held responsible for
f;也lureor delay in delivery of the enlire lot or
ap。而onof the goods under this Contract in
cons叫uenceof any force majeure incidents
which might occur. Force majeure as referred to in this contract means unforeseeable,
unavoidable and insurmountable objective conditíons.
12. Arbitration
Any dispute arising from or in connection with the Contract shall be settled through
friendly negotiation. )n
case no settlement can be reached,
lhe dispute shall then be
submitted to China International
Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (CLETAC),
Shenzhen Commission for arbilration
in accordance with ilS rules in effect at the time of
applying for arbitration. The arbitral award is finaJ and binding upon both parties.
13. Notices
AJI
notic巳sshall be written in
party shall inform lhe other party
withinand served
10
both parties by fax/e-mail/
一-一一_courier according to the foJJowing addresses. If any change
of山eaddresses occur,
one
days after the change.
14. This Contract is
execut巳din two
counterp也怡，in Chinese and English respectively. each
of whkh shall be deemed equaJJy authentic. This Contract is
in一一一_copies,
effective
since being signedl sealed by bOlh parties.
The SeIler: (signalure) The Buyer:
(signature)
参笔F译文反腐败持久战小本.w
.海涅曼和弗里茨·海受前迸道路1':1
20世纪90年代中以来.腐败问题一直占据过了全球议事H程的突出地位。一些同际机构，如约济合作和1开发组织以及联合国，采取了协约的形式，要求各成员国制定法律禁止行贿受贿和l索贿等行为。一些国际金融机构，尤其是肚界银行，宣布了多个方案，旨在确保其项目承包的公正和公开性，杜绝政府官员侵吞私占。大多数同家都出台了某种形式的反腐败法。国际商业团体也颁布了行为示范法规.跨国公叫如今宣称正在实施反贿赂计划。反腐倡廉方面的非政府机构的带头人..透明|事|际"也通过其分布在90多个国家的分支机构开展了分析和伯导活动。同际媒体事实上是每天(常常冒着极大的风险)报泊'而层人物腐败堕落的事例。ZIJ2
UnM.
253
f过去200年人口增加了6仍多.现代人主观上想喝然地认为:男人和女人无论足系多么疏远.部会生育足够多的孩子使人口不断增长一一至少在瘟疫或饥荒降临之前是增伏的c这个想法不仅印证了我们对这个越来越拥挤的世界长期的体验.而且还得到了像拉马斯·马尔萨斯以及他的许多现代迫|植拌匀颇只彤n(O~的思想家们的佐证。然而，最近十几年里，社1:界I'.}JI~些营养充足、身体健腻、1J击样和的人却极少生育盯代.以敢人11减少了。即使婴幼儿死亡率大大降低意味着只需要比以前·少得多的新丁(现代社会问个如1;:只;后生育大约2.11拍)就能避免人口负增长，但人口还是在减少。一个又一个间家一一从中间、日本、新加坡和韩同到加拿大、加勒比海地区、欧洲各罔、俄国，甚至中东一些地区，;11生率下降到不足以抵消死亡率。许多间家政府由于害怕未来杜会里老年人多于年轻人，正在揭尽全力鼓励人们生养子立。新加坡政府发起了"速配"活动，荷盟能促成忙碌的专业人上们的好事，让他们结婚并使儿育女。法同政府给那些愿意组成家庭的人很高的税收方面的歧励。瑞典政府资助日托中心以J:!I~级俯:飞作和|家庭生活之间的紧张关系。然而，虽然这些明确放励lt育政策可能会使人们II~育.但是儿乎没有证据表明:推行这些政策比起没有推行这些政策，会使人们养育更多的孩子。一些政府像当年的罗马帘'同JJI~样拼命鼓励人们生养，但正如!这些政府已经看到的，注:i文化和经济条件使人们不想为人父峰时，即使是独裁统治者也无法强迫人民不辞劳苦~繁销后代在人类整个浩瀚的历史长词中.一些人或一些阶级的人刻13逃避为人父母要付出的代价‘这样的例子很多。毫无疑问，出付之书.下|像是人类文明史上重现的趋势.有其自身的周期，边无疑问.在人类起始之初，大多数杜会并不强迫人们生l二育.因为他们必须确保他们的紧刑边应不快于他们赖以生存的飞禽走罚，的繁殖速度。主~然，在儿于所有得以延续下米、11]'2M
Unlt8
.:(f形成最大威胁的不再是人l-I过剩.而是人口不足。这个阶段.高生育宅的丰1:会不会饿死，而是实力加强和人n数址增多，并开始威胁到低使仔)J的社会。在世界越来越多的地区.迅速繁衍的部落发展成国家和帝国，将剩下的繁衍级恒的~~na者和采集者社会一-1if:JJbi样井。你的武士在战场七骑勇善战固然很重要，f且更重盟的是他们数量众多，阵势j长人。这足公元前3世纪皮恪}听|剑l二率领他的希腊大军人创意大利半岛试图迎战罗马军队时得到的教训。皮恪斯起初在艾斯库柑j姆的伟大战役中取得了优势，但他只能得出这一结论"如果冉有一次这样的战胜罗马人的胜利‘我们就完蛋了。"当时罗马人一直比希腊人繁衍得快得多，1大l此不断赶来增援，"如同涌泉般不断流出该城市'荷脂历史学家普卢塔克就是这样告诉我们的。由于罗马人数址上大大跑过希腊人，皮洛斯后来战败。而希腊在陷入了长时期的人rl负增长之后，最终也作为战利品沦为罗马的殖民地。就像:与今一些现代化的、锦衣玉食的国家一样，古希腊和1罗马最后都发现他们的杜会精J:12对家庭生活那些常常令人厌烦的杂事琐碎，失去了兴趣。大约公元前140年，就在括dl背俯首称四、逐惭屈服于罗马统治之际.希腊历史学家波利庇乌斯悲l叹道"在我们这个时代.整个刷防部缺少孩子，人μ整体下降。Hh由于我们的男人们骄淫堕落，终日沉迷于表演、金钱、游丁三好间的生活享乐中，这种可在;~迅i卓征服了我们的意志，甚至没有引起我们的警觉。"历史上人口和力量之间的关系对我们自己的时代有着深远的寓意。正如今天美国在伊扣.先所发现的.人口仍然是力址。们动化的炮弹、激克制导的导弹、无人驾驶的飞机也许能极大地扩充霸权主义大罔武力威胁的范闸，但是最终往往还是地面上的人数改变历史。虽然美间的l|1生率接近死亡率，们正是没有足够的人力来维持在世界上的帝同主义角色，就像大不夕IJ颇有:20世纪初出生率下降肩就同样丧失了帝同霸权能力一样。|大|此历史证实了社会必须最大限度保有人口.国而也U1Î只:力i丘，否则，就会被征服或者洲灭。这种周知j也许让步F明人士感到讨厌，但是它注定会再次到来。Unlt.,
2M
so work out what's best for you. Some people stand to the side,
some
rotate in counterclockwise direction,
or some have one partner move side to side while the
other moves up and back.
Work5.
Set up shots for your partner -smash shot.
6. Play consistently to one side of the table,
to make your opponents crash into each other.
7. Work against your opponents' rotation system.
由isout in advance aÍld stick to your plan.
for example,
use a loop shot to sel up
high return for a
Tips:
• A good partnership of average players should be able
10
beat a bad partnership of good
players.
• It is important
10
figur巳outyour stralegy and rOlalion system before you begin playing
actual games' with
your doubles partner.
，寺译2民从开封到纽约一一辉煌如过眼烟云尼古拉斯.0
.克里斯托夫新的千裆年到来之|垛，纽约市俨然已成全世界最i'{!耍的城市、全球非正式的芮部。然而趁纽约人还没过度踌躇满志之前，不妨对华反中原那座破洒的开封城回眸一瞥。开封，泥沙龄塞的黄河边的一座肯郁，在公元I∞0年时曾是全世界无与伦比的重要城市。如果您对此Il~所未闻，丑I~这对美国人不宙·为一个有益的特示一一以广大的美国人民都应学习的未来的话育求达出来.-~Il前面的中文标题所示"辉煌如过眼烟云。"作为全l业界独一无二的j固级强国，今天看来仿佛二是间的独霸全球川是天经地义之事。然而当我们对例虫的洪流稍作问颐，便会惊觉世界的霸权是多么短暂.尤其是对各个城市而言。如果要我边出公元2∞0年以前全世界陆重要的一个城市，当非伊拉克的乌尔莫属。公元前1500年，也许应是埃及的底比其fr;公元前1000年时，没有哪个城市独领风骚，不过也许勉强可以投一果给黎巳嫩的挠费;公元前500年，应该是波斯的波西ÙII:![士;公元元年.是罗马;公元500年左右，也许是中国的长安;到了l∞0年，是中国的斤封;L500年，多半应是意大利的佛罗伦斯;两千年时，是纽约市;2500年时.极可能以上恃非。今天的开封，脏乱而贫闹，甚至连行会都不是，地位卑微到连一个飞机场都没有。它能怆蓓到这，!_l;'田地更ô、呢了风水轮流转的i且理。11世纪时，作为中国朱切的国都，正是在最繁华的时候。它位于四大主要运间的交界，是当时的商业与工业中心。到i时开封城有三边城墙罔绕，来自世界各地的商品部在这里集散。它拥有百万以上的人口。相比之下当时伦放的人口大约只有15∞0。目前珍藏在北京故宫博物院的一幅押在卷轴，上面闹的是古都开封的热闹与繁荣。街道上成百上下的行人熙来搞往，成群的骆驼n负着来自传统j之路的货物.ìlH此，林立的茶馆'酒肆_
r~国正蒸蒸日上."住在城郊的年轻女农民王瑞娜说道。"再给我们几十年，我们一定能赶上美国，甚至超过它。"她说得对。美国作为全附界战大的经济体已经超过一个肚纪了，然而大多数的预测都显示:如果用购买力比率来估计，中同将在大约十五年之内超越荣罔。因此纽约能从像开封这样一个城市得到什么教训II?第一个教训就是承认保持科技优势与正确经济政策的蓝粟'性。古代中国能够欣欣向荣，部分原因应归功于有利成长、有利贸易的政策，以及诸如弧形快制耕犁、印刷以及纸币等技术的革新。但是后来中国却鄙弃了贸易与商业，国民平均所得困而停滞了600年。第二个教训就是傲慢白大的危险。由于当初中罔断定它不可能从别国学到任何东间，它的在败从此开始了。我对美国的忧心也是双重的。芙国的经济管理是如此松她.以致根本无法面对农业津贴与长期预算赤字。美国的科技虽然先进，然而一般美国公立学校的数学与科学课程仅为二流。而夹罔人民对外面世界没什么兴趣，这又与凭借着自强不息、冲劲与决心而逐渐向世界舞台中央挺进的中国形成了对比。在黄河边上我遇见一位名叫王兹的70岁老农夫。他不自，1$lJ学校念过一天书。他连自己的名字都不会写，但他的子孙境遇便大不相同了。"我有两个孙子正在读大学，"他自豪地说道，接着他便开始谈他家中的计算机。想想开封，美国人便应该激励自己，努力加强自己的高科技优势、教育功能以及有利经济成长的政策。因为如果他们只是一味沉醉于既有的成就而裹足不前的话，即使伟大如纽约市也可能有朝一日沦为晗德逊M仁的开封城。网络写手会抢夺强势媒体的交椅吗?克里斯廷·波尔斯最近，我一直在研读卅·宵尔莫的新书《草根媒体》。实际上，我i卖的是电子版.但我知道我也会去买本印刷版。这本书关注的内容是由《市场就是谈话》一书引起、并在网上广泛传播的一种思潮.该书也有印刷版。《市场就是谈话》一书|对Jt风格轻快戏谑、大胆放肆且妄向尊大地张扬自己!A!.解而毁誉参半，逻辑学的卫道士评之为武断j眩想，育不;及义。毕竟，它有勇气这样JMZ:u_.
..,
11;的主要观点与《市场就是谈话》是类似的:在平民记者时代里的新闻传播就是平民记者与其他平民记有之间的对话。育尔莫把博客运动吹捧为新型的参与性新闻传播的雏形阶段，他指~I-1哗挥只是一个可见标志.-民背后隐藏行一些更为深刻的东I坷。传统的新闻工作传播当然会有j击，内容.但它同时也充喝了"守门人"的角色一一-应择哪些新闻有幸与公众见面，哪些应该封杀1M永不见天日。在参与性的新闻传播中，读者就娃新闻的编辑或开发布。他们还可以成为写于，增加新闻的内容，从而成为更大范罔内交流的一部分。真正的对话才具备形成这种交流的动力，并可能对问题的探讨与职业记者不同。1996年我在杂志七发表了一篇文fE.探讨读者扮演的这种积极探索者和对话参与者的新角色。当时我认为这篇文章会引起更多批判性的质疑和思考。我的观点是..为什么我们不循后孩子们认识森林的方式去了解问题呢?,.
孩子们探索一般森林的方·式犹如神话中的虚构一样:玩捉迷藏、建造城堡、筑坝挡水、躲避附近某座房子后l町的Jg狗。这是一种积极的认知方式.I而不是像读报纸或轩电视那样消极地获取信息。手足们不妨玩味一下这片为公关人县、政治谋权家和舆论导向专家们所悄有独钟的传媒风景线。我们现在正处于两大财力雄厚的总统竞选阵营中间。我们接受的都是为竞选而精心设计并加以不断重复(19信息.就像那些政泊权谋家们设想的那样.广大受众像是随时准备注满水的空杯子.等待接受他们的高论。如果观众作ill反驳的话，悄况义会是怎样?霍华德·地恩的参选引爆了陪客及类似"Meetttps"等网上i只.的强大能量。尔肩，在不同层次的竞选中都发现通过吃联网草根阶层汇总的j草度耍'快得多。吉尔莫并不仰阳在注意到了平民~è'"号的现身，他期待的是平民记者的影响力。我相信我们依然深陷在双方根利斗争之中。斗争的一方是自上而下的舆论控制，另一方则既是读者又是记者的一群。这1昨人正民因用孩子们认知边远林区的方法来了解他们的政怡候选人。我还不能确定IYJli-万会笑到最后。_ Unl..
f!ÎVeS a
f)osilive
l'ielV
of IIIe
aclliev也mentsand cOllfribllliollS made bv iml1lif!rafllS
fO
IIIe
tJllited SlaleS. He bef!iflS
I"itll IIIe examf)le of 8eli:aire. a 'Olllll!
Hailian immif!ranl IVho
l!oined
Gnlace
(11 MIT
th民θlIf!ha COlllbill{l(ion of intelliflence and
lIard wo,.k. A Quote from one ofher
rant.l'
ill New York is bad for ils educaliol!
svslem. He Ihen broadens his areument bv flivinf!
Ihe
llÌJ!h-schoo[ teachers. JudiI1LKhall. is IIsed to denv Lhe chcu'!!e /hal Ihe lar!!e ntlf1lbeLoEillllllL-gOninioll of Professor Emallllel Tobier
of
New York Universilv
(1.'
evidenι:e
-that immiflranls have
/]o.l'ùive effect on the commerciallife and
f!eneral
/IIorule of the citv. New York
'.1'
Hailian
cOll1l11l1l1itv is
f!iven as an exall1nle o( a
tvf)icallv
cLose-h1Í1 immieralll erolUJ.
f)reservinf!
Iradi-Iional
(lfIirudes lowards Ihe (amilv and havilll!
bOlh all
ab。时-averal!eemIJlOVmell1 record
(lfld
(1
below-averaf!e reliaflce 011 s{me benefits. HOlI'evel: Klein ends bv drawinf!
on
remal北smade bv
phililJ KasinilZ of Wi/liams Col/efle in order 10 SU(!f!est Ihe follOlVillfl IJaradox: 8ecallse of the
,Iemmalions
(0
which the' becowe exno.l'ed. those immi.!!rams who
(lre most sllccessfllL 01 adant-inf!
10 the American
wαv
()f
life ore Ihe leasl likelv
(0
achieve Ihe American dream.
，带译文诚信制度蒙羞弗雷德·戈特尔简·亨德里克·舍，也的成功似乎很令人质疑，事实证明问题不少。32岁的舍恩曾娃贝尔实验室的物理学家，在短知4l，rrll]，他去11与人合作撰写(9O~市科技论文一一每16夭一销一一这些论文评尽阐述了他在超导、激光、纳米技术和1挝子物理学Hñ町的最新发现。如此多产令他的问')J大为惊讶并产生怀疑。舍，也的一位同事发现|叫一个数据医|表出现在p;t.H市不同的论文中一一而且恰恰分别出现在世界上两家最为知名的科学JYJfiJ
<科学》与《自然》上.这时J巴成就戳穿了。2002年10月.贝尔实验室调查发现:舍忠、曾篡改井扭造数据。他的属学家'1:.
'iJ~就此结束。如果现此事听起来与黄禹锡的J哼代颇相似.事实亦的哥fJ如此。这位韩国研究者在克降人体细胞上伪造了证据。科学II.I)~J与科节本身的发展亦步亦l自.Jt.且往往逃不了枉妄自恃、必迎罪有应得的现世报的规H!。丑闻|盼光之后.同行们都在寻思对策，思考今后怎样才能避'兔此类事件的发生。但是.35完仓Aif免是-1";可能的。《科学》杂志是址:立在诚信制度之上的;Ili)
行评审的办法.即由同-~i城专家对论文原稿进行评审的方法，并非旨在抓骗子。~'í然.近年来要求科技工作者在顶级期刊上友在论文的压力越来越大，使待这些期刊在他们事、I~成功上所起的作用越来越关键。茧·禹锡落马事件ìt这些问题再次浮出水面:(自然》和《科学:)在决定将哪些科研成果公诸众人方面的权力是不是太大了.这些刊物是否能够胜任其守门人的任务。句个科学专业领域都有1'1己的一系列刊物。物理学家有《物理评论'快报>>，细胞也物学家,(1'
{纠IIJJ包}，神经科学家行。11I位元}，等等。但是，{科学》和1<<1衬衣》是仅有的两家甜tE全部科学学科的主要刊物.学科范I:I.~I从气象学和动物学到iLt子物理学和l化学等。的此.自!M本记U..N.,
338
poss;ble vers;on
of
the
abstκact:
An Informative Abstract of
ROf!er Sùnon:S'
"No Comoassion for Drunk Drivers"
,f21_(Li_fJS
rhJLCWf!er he felt over viewing
/n "No
COmD咀lssionfor Dnmk Drivers.
.,
ROf!.eLSimQf'Lexd
television docurnenrarv entitled "Drinkim! and Drivin.e:
The刀' Tears. " He felt enraeed bv
fhe attitudes exnressed bv bOlh the iOUrnCllisl who /)rodllced the doCUmefJt4J_'LKdly_8J;(fk_e,
and the
host of lhe documentarv. Phil Donahue. The
sou们'(:eofhis anf!er seell1ed
to
f!row out ofthe hv/)ocris
.surroundinf!
this isslIe fhal Sill70n
helievesι'xists
both in the illdicial svstem and the media. First.
Simon uses slatislics 10 IJOinl out that drul1k_dä_II_ÎtIJ!_;L{./_C_Q_U_WI_QLI_crime_w_lhe Uniled States. and
because of lhar fact.
iudf!esαnd
iurors alike are likelv to be
bia‘归din favor of the drunk drivel: he
,'easons. Secondlv. Simoll llses a detailed analvsis ofthe imaf!_lalJf!.1J4f!e..ùJJbe_d.a.c_umelllary_jQ
illL川ratehis conlention thm the media is biased in favor of the drllnk driver. His evidence takes rhe
forl11
oflanf!ltaf!e lhat unauestioniní!lv
lJortraved lhe
c/runk
driverω:
a viClim. ralher than
CI
criminal.
Simon
r丁ecof!nizesthat his solution ro this hvnocrisv is unrealistic: a wish lha! drunk drivers would
onlv kill and
I1wim each other.
lDl'fJ!!l何II，)J"Para. 1 is only part of Simon's purpose in writing the article. We must
continue to read to
disco叫lerthe rest of his purpose. From Para. 5 to Para. 9,
the article
mainly describes Simon's reaction to the documentary and begins Simon's discussion of
the scope of his
a同 focus is on his response to the television
documenta叩.Further,
the scope of his article is limited to a criticism of the media and the judiciary. Honestly,
Simon could have included many
more气argets"within the
s∞pe
of this article -such as
the distillers and the brewers of alcohol,
the of alcoholic beverages,
or the bar-keeps
and store owners who sell the products. He could also have focused on the lack of
responsibility exhibited by the drinkers themselves. But he does not focus on those groups.
Instead,
he limits his scope here to lawyers,
judges,
and the media. Paras. 10 to 15 .are
cruαal
to Simon's purpose. He wants to write a tough piece that will shock people out of
their complacency
to响ardthe issue. Paras. 16 and 17 are crucial to Simon's method. He is
Burke. Paras. 18 to 26 are Simon's toughest yet.
He is build-izing
attitude of
ing upon his
method to reach these results about how drunk drivers rationalize their behav-ior to excuse themselves of responsibility. The last two paragraphs are the conclusion of
Simon's thinking about drunk driving
参夺译文能源框架与可再生能源战略为确保爱德华:1工子Jib-t|不:J)击民能够用上供应稳定、价格具有竞争力的能源，并且能以高Un…395
加拿大政府批准《京都议定书}，也无疑会影响我们消费化而燃料的方式和价格。~~仓米米1萄品价格如何变化，也无论将来发生何种突注:事件，预计可再生能源的开灰将在本省的能脱战略中起重要的作肘。近年来，爱德华王子岛能源公司的风力发电装机容iJ:已达10.56兆瓦，满足了本岛4%的电力需求斗其他的风能项FI也不巨计划之中。乙醇可以用做交通运输业的替代燃料，对乙醉生产设备的评估也已开始。本省正在摸索其在发展氢燃料巾的定位，组成许可成为未来的燃料本岛已经推广使用的生物燃料和l太阳能技术也可以在满足此次制定的《可再生能源战米米的供热或者电力?苛求方面发持豆屯耍的作用。虽然未来仍有许多不确定性，但现在看来时间生资i跟在爱德华王子岛的能源结构中将会发挥重要的作用略》将有助于明确这一作用。目前.爱德华王子岛主要依赖丘t口行1fb来满足其能讲:25求。事实上.石油占其能师、需求总拙的80%.其交通运输业元仓以币1111为燃料来惊。本省的大部分热力供应一一家庭取l匠、商业楼样供i段以及工业设施电力供应一一均是以轻1tll、蓝i叶1!Jlì:-ff丙皖为燃料。电力约占~岛能源IGJR的13%020世纪80年代初期.i|￡ta几乎全部电力生产占IS来自岛外一一通过与新1fi与听到t克电力公司电网相连，跨越计?森伯兰德海峡输送到岛上。新建风力发电项目仅为整个能源供应的0.5%.除此之外.岛内的发电均依赖石油。岛上原本就有的生物燃料，包括木料、锯水厂的边角余料、市政垃圾等.占爱德华王子岛能洒、结构的lt余6_5%。在过去的几年中，岛L.居民购买石油产品的价格与周边有份相比还是有竞争力的。然而.这些燃料的价格总是受罔际rHJ~1111价快述波动的影响。1世界主要产油罔减少石油供应一且是滥成1111价居尚不下的原因。但是111于全世界对石油宿求强劲.特川是一些新兴的纯济体一一女11'+'同一一-更是如此，已掠明的资源能乎乎满足新增的需求还是个未知数，而这也将会椎动油价进一步上涨。在本岛.内从20世纪80年代中期起交通运输业对汽油的需求就不断增长，主荣是由于私营客运车辆增加。由F没有公共交通网络.而且车辆的数母又在不断增加，这一趋势有望持续下去。电力是我们现代生活中不可或缺的耍素。在我们经济的各个方面电力的应用都非常普及。过去，爱德华王子岛的电价一度是全加拿大最贵的，这主要是由于对化石燃料的依赖。尽特如此.岛上居民对于电力的需求依然不断增加，特别是居民用电。1995年至2∞2年，岛上钳户居民每月的平均用电量增长了14%。就像对石油的需求一样，越来越多的迹象表明，如果没有新附发电能力，本岛对于电力的商求将会超过加拿大院悔地区的全部供电量。2003年6月，爱德华王子岛能版公司发布了《爱德华王子岛可再生能激战略(草案)>.并·在全tb范围内举办了6场公众将询会。举办这些咨询会的初衷就是向公众说明爱德华王子岛的能源现状以及就如何将可再生资源纳入未来的能源组合听取公众意见。咨询会上收集到的关于《爱德华王子岛可再生能源战略(草案))的意见和建议已经被本文件收录。.t:年公众咨询会的参与者在会上获悉:爱德华王子岛是加拿大唯一一个缺乏实质性能源的省份.既元水电资、源，也无化石燃料.更无核能。这就使得i京岛的能源必须全部进LJo实际上，进口的石油燃料占该岛能跟衍求的80%。公共交通~lv.元仓依赖、石油产品.*岛的热力市求大部分也需要以石油产品为燃料。然而，本省有着丰富的j欢他资训11.至少可以发电200兆.. U"'t.
-..,
盟购电。我们建议中间也采取类似的政策。工业产业不同，提高能效的方法也不同。有些问题波及丽广，涉及各个产业，如公用企业的定价，但是各个产业的南求也不同。同有平n非固有企业的监管方法也存在着相当大的差异。比方说，大多数钢铁厂是国有企业，而水泥厂则绝大多数都是乡镇企业。固有企业比较乐于通过谈判向愿签订协议.搞政府与企业共同进行研发合作.而乡镇企业则比较喜欢价格或者税收方面的优惠。居民和商业建筑现有的家电节能标准必须更好地得到执行.同时也必须制定计划强化投资周期长的项目的相关标准，并与各平IJ茄相关者进行公开协商。将能效纳入地方政府官员政绩考核标准也有助于引导地方官员认真对待能效问题。虽然中国现在针对不同的建筑类型制定了相应的节能标准，但这只是第一步。中国市要建立有效的监管体制.使建筑中融入能效标准和1技术。随着新的建筑技术的出现.这些标准还要定期进行修订。|到外的纤.验表明:除了实施强制性标准外，还有很多其他方法能够促使具有创新精神的建筑设计师、工程师和业主提高其建筑的能效。交通提高交通部门的能效与石油政策密切相关。经验表明:无论是强制性的标准还是自发的燃料节约标准都是必不可少的。此外，有些国家还尝试征收车船使用费，通常适用于拥挤的市中心，以鼓励人们使用公共交通。征收车船使用费在中罔的一些大城市可能会特别有效，因为许多大城市早已饱受交通车辆污染之苦。征收车船使用费还可以减少汽油价格低所带来的一系列问题。2003年7月，北京的汽油零售价格是0.34美元/升.比伦敦的汽油价格低71%，3M
Un".
38Ø
Un'..
Test 1
Part 1 Listening Comprehension
Section A
I.A
2. C
3.8
4.0
5. C
6.8
15.8
7.8 8.A
9. C
Section 8
10. C 11.8 12.
13.
14.
Section C
16.
lts diversity or various cultures.
17.
Spanish.
18.
Mexico.
19.
8巳cause由atis由epart of the USA that is nearest to Asia.
20.
The speaker means that there are people from various cultures in Califomja.
Part II Vocabulary
Section A
21. C
22.8
Section 8
31.
32. C
23.0 24.8 25.C
26.8
36.A
27.A 28.C 29.0 30.C
33. A 34. 8 35.8 37.8 38.8
39. C
40.A
Part
Cloze Test
41.
42.C 43. 0 44. 0 45. A 46. C 47.8
48. C
49. A
50.0
Part IV Comprehension
51.
61.
52. A
62.0
72. C
71.
53.8
63. A
73. C
54. A
64.8
74.8
55.8
56.8
66.8
65. D
75.C 76. 8
57.8
67. A
77.0
58.8
68. C
78.0
59. D
69. A
79.8
60.0
70.0
80. A
t ..
Translation
Section A
如果说志向是整个社会的蒙古合剂，它把社会诸元素结合在一起，这似乎有些夸张，但实际上夸张的成分不多。没有志向，社会的基本元素就似乎四分五裂。同胡思乱想相比，志向意味着为实现目标而努力和自律，而不管是个人的目标还是社会的目标，没有这种目标，社会就会灭亡。志向与家庭密不可分，原因是男女工作的目的不仅部分是为了家庭，而且为了孩子也要胸怀大志。人与人之间的区别在于梦想，不论是现实的还是非现实的，以及我们实现梦想的方式。Section B
Education plays an important role in the social economic development and the improvement
of
individuals' cultural qualities. The advance in science and technology will give a big push to the
development
of education. and education development wiU promote scientific and technical progress.
Therefore,
it is necessary to give an important position to education development.
Part VI Writing
(Omitted.)
200
均rtI Listenint}
Comprehension
Section A
Directions:
In this section,
you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the
end of each conversation
question will be asked about what
was
said. The conversations and
the questions will be read
on纱 the best answer from the four choices given.
1. M: Excuse me,
where can 1 find the apartment manager? 1 need to see him right now.
W:
Soπy.
1 cao't belp you,
I'm oot familiar with this building.
Q: What does the woman mean?
2.
M: 1 heard that you are the onJy one who has gotten an A on the history test?
W: No. There are a couple of others io our class. 1 think the test is easy.
Q:
What does the womao mean?
3.
W: The clerk in the office said that we had to wait until after lunch to pick up our papers.
M: But what are we going to do to pass the time untiJ then?
Q:
What does the woman meao?
4.
W: Charles,
1 think you should find some other place to live. Your apartment is much too small,
and the environment is too noisy.
But you know,
living in the
cent巳rof the city,
you are close to the cinemas,
the banks,
the
sbops,
and those sorts of things.
Q:
Why
do巳sn'tthe man want to move away from his small apartment?
5. M: 1 have tried to finish all the books recommeoded by tbe teacher,
but 1 can't.
w:
Why oot?
M:
There are 50 in the list,
but the term lasts ooly 10 weeks.
Q:
Why can't the man finisb all the books?
6.
W: We finally had some raio last night.
M:
But a night's rain would do little to relieve the drought.
Q:
What does
th巳maomean?
7.
W:
Why don' t you dri ve to the uni versity?
M:
1 like cycling. There are more bicycles than cars
00
the campus.
Q:
What does the man imply?
8.
W: Mark,
did you tell Allen to bring his camera?
Whether or oot Alleo is willing to bring his camera,
we can still take some
pict町 can
always count on me.
201
τ....1
Whal does the man imply?
9.
W: Hello Larry.
I'm calling lo tell you I have returned to the company.
M If 1 had known that you have returned,
1 would bave dropped in your office this aflernoon.
I just went there on business.
Q:
Whal does the man mean?
Section B
Dit'cctions:
In this section you will hear two mini-talks. At the end of each talk,
there will be some
questions.
80th the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question,
there will be
pause. During the pause,
you must,
choose the best answer from the four choices
glVen.
Mini-talk One
People often ask why birds
didn't get 10Sl on their long
f1ights from one place to another.
Scientists found the answer to this question many years ago. They carried out some experiments,
which showed Ihat birds rely on lhe sun to guide them during lhe day. Thal is,
they fly according 10
lh巳posilionof Ihe sun. By this guide they know Iheir way very well. But what about birds lhat tly by
sky?night when there is no sun
in
lh巳Tesls have proved that some night-f1ying birds are able to
follow the slars
in their long-distance flights. By following certain stars,
they won't lose their way.
The experiments which were done by some professors
in
American uruversilies also
show巳dthat
a11
the birds have an inborn abiJily to use the sun or stars for their guidance.
When lhe stars are covered by clouds,
these birds can find their way by recognizing some
landmarks such as mountains,
rivers or coastlines. But when it's too dark to see these,
the birds
have to circle helplessly or
stop由eirflight immediately.
f1ights during lhe day?
11. How do birds find their way during a night
f1ight,
according to the passage?
the stars are covered by clouds?
12. What
wi 11 birds do
if
10.
Why do birds not get losl on
the让longMini-talk
Two
Many American schools close for the summer. Most childreo in the United States have a
summer holiday
of almost three months. This traditional school schedule was designed long ago
when
many Americans lived on farms. Children were needed at home
during由esummer 10 help
their families with the crops and animals. Schools later
continued the tradition,
mostly because it
was difficult
10 hold classes in Ihe hot summer weather.
American schools began to experiment with changing this system in the early
1900、Oneidea
was for
children to attend school all year round. But the idea did not become popular until about 25
years ago. Studies done al the lime showed Ihat American sludents were 001
perfo口ningas weJl
as
sludenls in other countries.
Students who attend year-round schools
in the
Unit巳dStates do not go to class every day of the
202τ...‘'
They spend the same number of days in class as other students. But the time is organized
differently. For example,
some students attend school five days a week for nine weeks. Then they
have three weeks
off before going back to school for another nine
w巳 the summer they have
about five weeks
of holiday.
Supporters
of year-round schooling say it improves student learning. They say students in the
traditional system often forget what they have learned during a long summer holiday. They say
schools can
0仔.erspeciaJ ciasses during the short holidays for students who need extra help. They
also say it saves money because the school buildings are used throughout the year.
13. Why did the traditional school schedule design a long summer boliday?
14. What was the result of the studies on the American long summer school system?
15.
Which of the following is one of the arguments given by the supporters of year-round schooling?
Section C
Directions:
In this section,
you will hear
talk.
Answer the questions below. You will hear the
recording twice. At the end of the talk there will be
3-minute pause,
during which time you are
asked to write down your answers briefly.
You now have
25
seconds to read the questions below.
Okay. One
of the great things about Califomia,
especially southern California,
is its diversity.
It
means that people came and lived in California from different cultures. They used to live in Europe
or Asia,
but especially in Mexico. Certainly,
you have this huge Mexican influence in California.
Tt
can be seen everywhere,
in the houses,
in the way of stucco design -as soon as you go there,
you
know you are in California. And the street names,
uh I dare anybody to find a street name that
doesn't have -that is,
in English rather than Spanish. Everything is in Spanish over there. And ...
part
of it,
is because um Mexico is so close and there are so many immigrants in that area that
they've influenced Califomia so greatly. And
I'm sure part of it has to do with the fact that Califor-nia was once a part
of Mexico. California is a Mexican word.
And -or a Spanish word. And um ...
not only is the Mexican culture prevalent there,
but the Asian culture is too. You have a lot of
Chinese and Japanese and Koreans,
all coming to California because it's the closest place to Asia.
And it's really interesting because um in a lot
of places there,
there is no exposure to anyone beyond
Caucasians. But in California there's everybody.
11 be your teacher for this
Okay,
let's begin. Hello,
everyone. My name's Karl Roberts,
and
l'
class,
lntercultural Communication 311.
Te.t 1
203
Part 1 Listening Comprehension
Section A
I.B
2. D
3. C
4.A
5. C
6. C
15. D
7. A
8. B
9. A
Section B
10.D 11.C 12. C 13. B 14. A
Section C
16.
There wìll be
6.5
millìon.
17.
18.
19.
20.
There ìs a rapìd drop
in
the birthrate ìn the world.
They have supported family plannìng.
Chìna expects to achìeve a zero populatìon growth by the end of
2050.
They wìll face a shoJtage of workers.
Part
Vocabulary
Section A
22. C
21. B
Section B
23. A 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. B 28. C 29. B
30. A
31.
Part
32.
33. D 34.
35.
36. D 37. B 38. A 39. D 40. A
In
Cloze Test
42. D 43. A 44. D 45. D 46. C 47. A 48. B
49. A 50. A
41.
Part IV Reading Comprehension
51. C
61.
71. C
52. D
62. B
72. D
53. B
63. D
73. A
54. B
64. A
74. B
55. D
56. A
65. C
75. C
66.A
76.B
57. D
67. A
77. D
58. A
68. B
78. A
59.A
69.B
79. C
6O.B
70.B
80. D
T._2
‘415
对于一个作家来说，获得诺贝尔文学奖是一项至高的荣誉。而对于女性作家来说，获得诺贝尔文学奖要回难得多。自1901年首次授奖以来，仅有8位女性荣膺桂冠。如今，奥地利的埃尔弗里德·耶利内克成为第丸位，也是1996年以来的第一位获此殊荣的女性。耶利内克夺得了今年的诺贝尔文学奖。耶利内克获奖归功于其小说和戏剧深刻的社会批判性。她最负盛名的作品是1983年发表的自传体小说《钢琴教师>>.该小说于2001年拍成电影。Section B
How is it that social productive forces have made a big advance,
and how is it that labor
productivity has increased
by a great deal? Mainly through the power of science and the power of
techno)ogy. Therefore. the development of modem science and techno)ogy has drawn science and
production closer together. As part of the production forces. science and technology are coming to
play an even greater role.
Part VI Writing
(Omitted.)
418
T,…2
Part
Listeninl)
Comprehension
Section A
Directions:
In this section,
you will hear nine shorl conversations between two speakers. At the
end of each conversation
question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and
the questions will be read
on伊 the best answer from the four choices given.
1. M: 1 don't know if John shou1d go into medicine as his major -1 mean,
he is not
ve可goodat
biology.
W: We should let him decide. He knows better than you.
Q:
What does the woman reply?
2.
Could you return these books to the library? They will be due tomorrow.
W: No problem. In fact,
it's on my way to the post office.
Q:
What does the woman mean?
3. W: Prices
of cars are bound to go up,
so we had better buy one 500n.
M: You're right.
Jt's just a matter of time.
Q:
What does the man imply?
4. W: How did you
e时oythe ballet
Romeo and Juliet?
1 just couldn't have
e町oyedit more.
Q:
What
does由eman mean?
5.
M: What courses have you been taking this
semest巳r?W:
I'm taking Research Pedagogy,
Learning Psychology, and Curriculum Design, and apart
from these,
1 an also taking an online course,
caUed Distance Education.
Q:
What is probably the woman's major of studies?
mormng.
6. W: 1 wonder
if you could come with me to the exhibition
tomoηow
M:
I'd love to,
but 1 already have an appointment with one of my business partners. lt willlast
for the whole morning. What about in the afternoon?
Q:
Why
can't由eman go to the exhibition with the woman the next moming?
7.
W: What is the summer like in your country?
M: Jt's normally hot and dry,
but it was hot and humid last year. We had a lot of rain last
summer,
which was unusual.
Would you like to come to my country for a holiday this
summer?
W: Yes,
only if it is a usual normal summer.
Q:
On what condition will the woman go to the man's country for a holiday in the summer?
7…2
..17
toge由 example,
it's
possible that a winter day in Buffalo,
New York,
could be sunny and mild,
but the average weather
-the climale -tells us thal
Buffalo's winters will mainly be cold and include snow and rain.
Climate change represents a change in Ihese long-term weather palterns. They can become warmer
01'
colder.
Annual amounts of rainfall or snowfall can increase or decrease.
One of the major climate changes that cause a lot of concern is global warming.
It
refers
10
an
average increase in the Earth
's lemperalure,
in turn,
causes changes in
c1imate. A warmer
Earth may lead to changes in rainfall patterns,
a rise in sea level,
and a wide range of impacts on
plants,
wildlife,
and humans. When scientists talk about the issue of
c1imate change,
their concern is
about global warming caused by human activities.
13.
What is the relationship belween
c1imate and wealher?
14.
What is climale change?
15.
What does global warming refer to?
Section
Directions:
In this section,
you will hear
talk. Complete the sentences and answer the ques-'ou
will hear the recording twice. At the end of the talk there wi/l
be
3-minute pause,
tions
below.γduring which time you are
askedωwrite
clown your answers brief1y on the Answer
Sheet.γounow
have
25
seconds to read the questions below.
The world's population continues to grow. There are now abOllt 4 billion of us on the Earth.
The number could reach 6.5 billion by the end of the century. Experts are concerned aboul slIch a
growth.
Am勾ornew study shows that the situation may be changing. A large and rapid drop in the
world's birthrate has taken place during the past 10 years. Families generally are smaller now than
they were a few
years ago. It is happening in both developing and industrial nations.
Researchers said they found a number
of reasons for this. More men and women are waiting
longer to get married and are using birth control devices and methods to prevent or delay pregnancy.
More women
are going
10
school or working at jobs away from home instead of having children.
More governments,
especially in deveJoping nations. now support family planning programs to
reduce population growth.
China has made great
progress in reducing its population growth.
lt
has already cut down its
rate
of population growth by about one half since 1970.
Each family is now urged
10
have no more than one child.
The hope is
10
reach a zero
population
grow由by2050.
Several nations
in ElIrope already have fewer births Ihan deaths. Experts said that these nations
could face a serious shorlage of workers in the future. The people who are working could face
much higher laxes to help supporl the growing