Physical oceanography 物理海洋学Dynamical oceanography 动力海洋学Thermodynamics 热力学Heat and salt content 热盐含量Density密度Ocean basin海洋盆地Topography地形Seawater海水Source and sink of heat热源和热汇Geophysical fluid dynamics地球物理流体力学Wave海浪Tide潮汐Coastal oceanography海岸海洋学Circulation循环 环流Climate variability气候变异性书本：General name通用名称On the larger space and timescales of 大的空间和时间尺度On the near-coastal and shoreline regions 在近岸和沿岸地域Numerical model 数值模式Theoretical studies 理论研究Density distribution 密度分布Near-shore currents and waves 近岸流和浪Navigation 导航Piers 码头Breakwaters 防波提Coastal structures 近岸结构Interact 相互作用In the tropical pacific 热带太平洋The ocean and atmosphere interact近岸海洋 coastal oceanographyInstrumentation 仪器
Quasi-decadal variability 准年代际变化North atlantic oscillation 北大西洋涛动Westerly winds 西风Air -sea buoyancy fluxes 海气浮力通量Long term variation 长期变化Centennial to millennial scales 百年到千年尺度Atlantic multidecadal oscillation 大西洋数十年振荡Anthropogenic climate change 人为因素造成的气候变化Southern annular mode 南半球环状模态Marginal sea 边缘海Water mass 水团Mixing 混合Mediterranean sea 地中海Sub-basin 次级海盆Evaporation 蒸发Salinity 盐度Embayment 港湾Contribute to 促进Shelf sea 陆架海Thermocline ventilation 通风温跃层Ventilated thermoclineCentral wa ters 中央水Subtropical underwater 副热带底层水Subtropical mode water 副热带模态水Subpolar mode water 亚极地模态水North atlantic deep water 北大西洋深层水Topography 地形Feed into 流入Subsurface water 次表层水Overflow 溢出Channel 海峡Branch 分支Shed eddies甩出涡旋Upper ocean water 上层海水Denser密度更大的Intermediate water 中层水Deep water深层环流Meridional overturning circulation 经向反转流Thermohaline circulation热盐环流Deep circulation 深层环流Northward transport 向北的输运Increase by 增加Net northward heat transport 净的向北的热量输送Saline surface water咸的表层海水Southern ocean 南大洋Subantarctic font 亚南极锋Antarctic circumpoloar current 南极绕极流Drift 漂流Retroflect 翻转Shed eddies 甩出涡旋Bootom water 底层水Wind-driven gyres风生流环、流圈Transport 输运Upper ocean 上层海洋Western boundary current 西边界流Anticyclonic subtropical gyres 反气旋式副热带环流North Atlantic current 北大西洋流Cyclonic subpolar gyres 气旋式副极地环流East Greenland current 东格林兰流Upwelling 上升流Canary current system 加那利流系Zonal 纬向的North equatorial counter current 北赤道逆流South equatorial current 南赤道流Low-latitude 低纬度书本：Bisected 一分为二Mid-Atlantic ridge 大西洋中脊Tropical 热帶Dominate 支配Predominantly 主要是Conversion 转换次数Denser 丹瑟Intermediate 中间Labrador sea 拉布拉多海Nordic seas 北欧海Tropical 热带Subpolar 亚极Overturning 倾覆Net northward heat transport 净北向热传输Subantarctic front 亚南极锋Antarctic circumpolar current 南极绕极Northward excursion 北移Partially 部分地Drift 漂移Retroflects 回折Sheds 棚屋Dense bottom waters 浓密的底水Weddell sea 韦德尔海双划线:
Solar energy 太阳能Gravity 重力Reservoirs 水库Glaciers 冰川Ice cap冰盖Millennia 一千年Globe 全球Evaporation 蒸发Water vapor 水蒸气Moist 潮湿的Condensation 冷凝Precipitation 降雨Continents 大陆、洲Altitudes 高度Runoff 径流Geologic 地质的Transpiration 蒸发Subduction 俯冲Erupts 爆发Volcanoes 火山Molecules 分子复习单词：Interannual timescaleDecadal’TsunamisNon-dimensional parameterDimensional parameterForceRossby numberAspect ratioDissipationEkman numberReynolds number上层海水 upper ocean water密度更大的 denser中层水 intermediate water深层水 deep water经向翻转环流 meridional overturning circulation热盐环流 thermocline circulation净的向北的热量输送 net northward heat transport咸的表层海水 saline surface water经向分量 meridional components亚南极锋 subantarctic front(SAF)产生涡旋 shed eddies流入 feed into溢流 overflow边缘海 marginal sea水团 water mass混合 mixing地中海 mediterranean sea次级海盆 sub-basin蒸发 evaporation港湾 embayment陆架海 shelf sea通风温跃层 thermocline ventilation中央水 central waters副热带下层水 subtropical underwater副热带模态水 subtropical mode water加勒比海 caribbean sea直布罗陀海峡 the strait of gibraltar巴芬湾 baffin bay对流 convection平流 advection准年代际变率 quasi-decadal variability北大西洋涛动 north atlantic oscillation西风 westerly winds海气浮力通量 air-sea buoyancy fluxes长期变化 Long term variation百年至千年尺度 centennial to millennial scales人为原因造成的气候变化anthropogenic climate change南极环装模 southern annular mode(SAM)太平洋年代际振荡 pacific decadal oscillation(PDO)剧烈的 vigorous入侵 intrude\inbreak\invade人类学 anthropology年平均 annual mean信风/贸易风 trade winds复习内容：Transformation 变形Sea ice cover 海冰覆盖Solar reflectivity 太阳反射率Hydrography 水文学Potential temperature 位温Adiabatic /diabatic heating 绝热/非绝热加热Archipelago 群岛Pathway 通道Atlas 地图集Indonesian throughflow 印尼贯穿流Monsoon 季风Northern hemisphere 北半球Seasonal scale 季节尺度Water column 水柱Volume transport 流量输运Warm pool 暖池Cold tongue 冷舌Propagate 传播
书本：Sill depth 水深Initiation 开始Journal 期刊Ventilation rates 通风率Regimes 状态海气耦合系统 the coupled ocean-atmosphere system一个坚实的基础 a solid base of水的属性/特性 water properties持续不断地循环 circulate continuously起伏变化的速度和位置 fluctuating velocity and position潮涨潮落 the rise and fall of the tides垂直运动 vertical movement溶解的物质 dissolved substances营养盐 nutrients叶绿素浓度 chlorophyll content建立在 rest on现场观测的数据 in situ data卫星 satellite数量级增长 an order of magnitude growth系统性的 systematic专门地 expressly流星 meteor气象学 meteorology气象学家 meteorologist进化 evolution出现 advent锚系和卫星仪器 moored and satellite instrumentation中尺度 mesoscale真正意义上 in earnest商船 merchant ships自动采样仪器 autonomous instrument sampling次中尺度 submesoscale分辨率 resolution水柱 water column业务化的 routine稳态的 steady- state空间和时间尺度 spatial and temporal scales湾流 the Gulf Stream西边界流 the western boundary current